Blowpipe.



'l A. GEILBCHATELIBR.

BLOWPIPE..

ArrLxoA'rIou funn rma. 1a. no?.

- Patented Sept. 22,1908` i .EL 1

li l

UNITEDSTATES 'PATENT OFFICE:

ANDR GABRIEL LE cHATsLiaii, or iiAnsaiLLs, ramos, Assieiioa 'ro mi SOCITLACETYLENE DISSOUS DU SUD-EST, OF` MARSEILLE, FRANCE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, Annan GABRIEL LE Crixia-tuali, a citizen 'ol theRepublic of France, and resident vol Marseille, France,

have invented'new and usefulliiiproveinents 'i 10 the principle whichconsists in' imparting to the gaseous mixture, on its leaving theblowpipe, a velocity greaterl than that with which the llames ispropagated in the saine gaseous mixture considered in the stat-e ofrepose., which velocity attains 20() meters per second for theoxy-acetylenic mixturef 't Experience demonstrates that the velocity ofthe gaseous mixture on leaving the blowpipe may experience momentaryreductions of a certain importance, as a resultof various accidentalcauses, such'as introduction of foreign bodies in the nozzle or Vbodyofthe blowpipe, deficientoperation of the expandeis orotherlidevicessupplying the gases utilized, accidental compression ofithe india Arubbe'i tubesconducting the gases from these devices. to theblowpipa'etc.; these momentaij" reductions in the velocity of thegaseous 'mixture niillily the principle upon which the operation of theblow ipe is )ased and for thisreason in 'articu ar in oxy-acetylenicblowpipes, the ame frequently lights back,

whichtouls the a paratus and may even damage its essentia members,unless care be taken to close the gas supply cocks immediately.

The present invention has for its object the view to obviating thesedefects by utilizing the retarding action exerted upon the 40propagation of the llame by the eooling influence of the walls ol'conduits` provided `with a si'iliciently small a erturc.

1t is an establislimrfact that the propagation ol' the ignition of acombustible gaseous mixture contained in a tube of small diametei' andin a condition of repose progrcssivel i decreases with the diameter, andthat this result is attributable to the cooling action exerted upon theflame by the walls of the.

' 50 tube; this propagation velocity may even become 'm'l with asufiiciently small diameter; in this case the llame is unable topropagate A`Yitself and becomes extinguished.

If the gaseous mixture instead of being in Specification of LettersPatent. appresso med reu-nary 15, 19m. serai No. 357,564.

Patented sept. 22, 190s,

`a condition of repose, has a velocity of its own in theinveisedirection to that of the propagation of the flame; this velocity properto 'itself will reduce that of the llame by a corresponding amount, evenif it is only of small value, it will be sullicient to cause theextinction of the llame rovided the diameter of the tube sullicicnt yapproximates the diameter with which the llame becomes extinguished witha gaseous mixture in the condition ofjrepose. To sum up, therefore, in

order" to prevent the propagation of the flame, two elements ofessentially different natures are provided' in a tube of small diametcixl. lhe. coolingH inthience ..of` the walls, which increases as thediameter of the tubedccreascs, 2. The velocity proper to the gaseousmixture. Obviously it is advantageous to utilize the tiist of 4these twoele- V ments to the lar est possible extent for blowpipes because t iemethod of its action deponds only upon the construction adopted, andcannot be rendered defective by accidental circumstances during theoperation, contrary to what is the case, as already explained, withregard to the velocity of the gaseous mixture. l

The propagation velocity of the llame of mixtures containing oxygen, isgenerally very great, and the capillary tubes, that isto say tubes thediameter of which does not exceed some tenths ofa mm., are. the only t1bes which exert a really cllicient retardrig action; if tubes of thisnature, were employed in thek lconstruction of blowpipes, owin(r t-o thedischarges which must uccessarilylie irovded for, it will be. essentialcitlier to multiply their number in order to obt ain an adequate totalsection, or to cause them to be traversed by the gascousinixture atvelocities amounting to several thousand meters persecond, either ofwhich cases i'esultsin great constructioual difficulties; the. sameobject may be attained in a simple and practical manner by substitutingfor capillary tubes annular passages of very small a erture, that is tosay passages delimited y surfaces very close together, and

which passages by analogy will lhereinafter be termed annular capilla rypassa es. Their acrtures maybe sullicicntly sina l to insure t at theshall have, as regards the pro agation o the flame, a retarding actionana ogou's to that of capillary tubes, and, on the other hand, byappropriately increasing their' Vdiameter it is possible to'obta'in asee- A 'Asecond device is represented in Fiv. 3; tion for the passage ofthe mixture' which is the chamber b and the enlargement g oit theadequate for the blowpi ef f 1 rod e, instead ofbeing cylindrical areconical,

l The foregoing consii eratioris. will suilitheir walls being stilparallel; with this ar- 5 jci'ently, explain the principle o f thepresent. rangement, by displacing the rodfgit is pos- 70 invention,which. consists 4broadly iii intersible to adjust. exact-ly to thedesired extent osing on the path of'the gaseous mixture, the aperture ofthe amiularcapillaiy passa e.- m blow ipesi'n which oxygen is employed,Any. other arrangement may however e an' anim ar capillary passage,which has forits employed in order to establish'in the path of 4objectto prevent liglitin back cilicientlyV the gaseous mixture andatarclativelysinall 75 owing to the cooling action of its walls; this.distance from the discharge orifice a capilassaffe ma be located veryclose to the o'rilary passage intended te prevent'the lighting ce 0F theb owpipe; it' may be of any desired back of the flame. i form, butcylindrical and conical shapes are4 For certain applications, it may bed ethose most readily obtained. The a erture sirable to obtain a largerflame than that fiir- 8 of this passage could be made suihcicntlyiiished by blowpipes with cylindrical orifices. small to insure thatthisalone will be'suil'iwhile at the saine'tinie maintaining a modercient tostop the flame, but in practice it is ate discharge otgas; the inventionis particunot necessary to reach this extreme limit; lai'ly w elladapted to attaining such an obgothe only important oint is that itsaction {ect} it is only necessary to prolong the annii- 5 should besufficient y efficacious and prear capillary oriiiee 1n such a mannerthat it ponderant to stop the flame when the veconstitutes the actualdischarge orifice of the ocity of the gaseous mixture experiencesblowpipe; in this manner an annular flame is momentary re uctioris whichmay present obtained, to which any u sefiildiameter may themselves inthe course of the operation of be given for a predetermined supply, by a90 the blowpipe. propriately regulating the dimensions of t ie In orderthat my invention may be more eapillarypassage. This passage beingproreadily understood reference will be had to longed as far asy theactual origin of the the accompanying drawings in which llame, is underthe best possible conditions for Figures 1 and 4 are views inlongitudinal Vpreventing it from lighting back. 95 section showin myimprovement appliedto Very iverse arrangements may 'be ema blow pipe.Fig'. 2 is a cross section al view -ployed; the-capillary passage may becylinon the line A A ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 is'a longii drical 'as far as thedischarge orifice; instead tudinal sectional view showing a variation ofof being cylindrical, it may be conical; finally.

3 5 the application of my improvement. Figs. 5 it may present acylindrical part with conical 100 and 6 are cross-sectional views takenen end, this latter arrangement is that which lines B-B' and C-C of Fig.L gives the best results. The walls of the con- The invention may becarriedv into pracical extremity may be parallel or slightly ditiee byvarious means. When it is to be apvergent.

4r) plied to blowpipes provided with cylindrical Ff 4 represents thenozzle of a hlowpipe 105 discharge orifices, Ythe arrangementreprecomprising an annular cylindrical passage sented in Fig. 1 oftheaccompanying drawwith conical extremity, which forni is ading, and inFig. 2, which represents a section vantageous for several a plications;Fig. 5 on the' line A-A of Fig. 1 may be adopted. represents a sectionon t ie line B-B and The mixture of oxygen and combustible Fig. 6 asection onthe line C-C. 110

"4 "as passes through a passage a, into a cylin- The gaseous mixturepasses through a pas rical chamber b which ends in a conical part sage ainto a cylindrical chamber b ending in c and the cylindrical orifice d;in this chamber a fuiste-conical part c; a rod e provided with a rod eprovided with centeringribs fj' is arcentering rbsj'ffenters the chamberb after ranged, and comprises a cylindrical portion passing through astufiirigbox r arranged be- 115 q terminating in a conical portion; thiscylintween a shoulder of the casing and screw cap drical part, togetherwith the walls of the p; at its extremity it carries a cylindricalchamber b, d elirnt the capillary assa e i-nenlargement s ending in a{ruste-conical part l tended for preventing the flame rom ightt. Thewalls of' the enlargement s and of its 55V ing back; the rod e is screwthreaded where it extremity t, together with the walls of the 120 yasses through the bottom of the chamber b chamber b and of itsextreniityc, deliniit the in order to admit of ite ulating the position ofcapillary passage; the Vchamber b may be the cylinder g therein y meansof a not h; a. made in two parts, as shown, and the excounter nut i.maintains this position when tremity t may be fitted to the rod e( At"its 6o once the adjustment has been effected. In upper extremity therode is screwcd'into a 125 order tofacilitate this mounting and toenknurl k connected with the part l carrying able different. outputs tobe obtained with the the stufli box, by, two pins m eng red in a sameblowpipe, by changing the discharge 'semi-circiillzar groove formed inthe iurl k'. orifice, the chamber b may be made in several Final-ly therod e may be formed with a cenparts, asshowninFig. 1. tral passageending in an orifice of small 130 crosssection', ainlintended' forsupplying ay supplementary-' jet of oxygen when t e blowpipe isutilized'for dividing metals. This arrangement presents the followingfeatures:

On leaving the conical annular conduit., the

gases are mixeil'together, thereby insuring perfect combustion; bygiving this` passage an appropriate inclination, .owing to the niuttial'reaction of the streams constitutinfY the annular llame, a perfectlycylindrical l ame is obtained without any llateral dispersion; thehcatof the flame lis thus utilized to the best advantage, When theblowpipe is ein ployed for cutting-off metals-,the central oxygen ljetpassing through the middle of thc annular llame, )efore it comcs'intocontact willi the part to ,be cut, experiences a heating which increasesits action. By acting upon the knurl k the rod e may be displacedparallel with its axis; according tothe direction in which this actiontakes place the aperture of the, annular conical passage is increased ordiminished and atthe saine time the discharge from the blowpipe ismodified, so that it may be ada )ted to circumstances; in this casehowever, t ie aperture of the capillary passage 1-1 delimited by thewalls of the enlargement s and of the part b, does not experience anychange and its efiiciency relmans constant. Finally owing to thefacility with which the conical extremity ofthe chamber b and theextremity t of the rod'ni'ay be dismounted, it is possible by means ofsparc parts to modify the dimensions of the orifices for the dischargeof the flame and of the central jet of oxygen according to requirements.

When it is not necessary to rovide for the modification at will of thedisc iarge from the blowpipe,l in order to siinplifythc construction,the knurl k and the stuffing box 1' may be dispensed with, the rodebeing fixed to the chamber b by means of a nut and counter nut device.

Generally speaking, any other arrangement may be adopted forestablishing'on the path of the gaseous mixture, at a short dis-v tancefrom the discharge orifice, or at this orilice itself, an annularcapillary passage serving tovprevent the flame from ight-ing back; inparticular, passages of any desired form may be utilized, but thecylindrical and conical forms are those best adapted for carryingthcinvention into practice.

I claimr 1. In a blowpipe for burning a mixture of y oxygen and acombustible gas, .a burner tube t and a member within said tube thesurface of which forms with the inner surface of the wall of' said tubean annular capiliary gas passage said burner tube. e

2. In a. blowpipc forburning a mixture of oxygen and a combustible gas,a burner tube, a tubular gas suppl y member within saidv tube, the outersurface of said member form'- ing with the inner surface of the wall ofsaid proximity of said surfaces being such as to said burner tube. l

3. In a blowpipe for burning a mixture of ,oxygen and a combustible gas,a burner tube having a frusto-conical discharge orifice, a tubular gassupply member within said tube and having a conical end terminating insaid orifice, said member provided with centering means, the outersurface of said member forming with the inner surface of the wall ofsaid tube an annular capillary gas passage, the proximity of saidsurfaces bein such as to prevent backward propagation o flame in saidburner tube.

4. 1n a blowpipe for using a mixture of oxygen and combustible gas, thecombinat-ion of a burner tube providedwith a sup ly duct for said gasesland a trusteconical ischarge orifice, an adjustable tubular cent-ralmember within said tube for su iplyin oxygen having centering means, andan en arged portion having a truste-conical extremity entering saidorifice, said enlarged portion forming with the tube an annular gassupply passage, the proximity of the` confining walls of which preventsthe backward propagation of the flame.

5. In a blowpipe for using a mixture of oxygen and a combustible as, thecombination -of a tapering burner tu e, a supply duct for admission ofsaid gases and a discharge orifice, and" an adjustable tapering memberwithin said tube forming with the latter an annular capillary gas supplyassage, the

'proximity of the confining wa ls of which prevents thebackward'propagation of the v flame. l

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

Armut Giiusi. tr. cimenta Witnesses:

JEAN Jessen BRUNEL,

Pil-:mm JEAN Conmm.

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